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Concentration levels of disinfection by-products in 14 swimming pools of China

Xiaolu ZHANG,Hongwei YANG,Xiaofeng WANG,Yu ZHAO,Xiaomao WANG,Yuefeng XIE

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2015, Volume 9, Issue 6,   Pages 995-1003 doi: 10.1007/s11783-015-0797-7

Abstract: Swimming has become a popular exercising and recreational activity in China but little is known about the disinfection by-products (DBPs) concentration levels in the pools. This study was conducted as a survey of the DBPs in China swimming pools, and to establish the correlations between the DBP concentrations and the pool water quality parameters. A total of 14 public indoor and outdoor pools in Beijing were included in the survey. Results showed that the median concentrations for total trihalomethanes (TTHM), nine haloacetic acids (HAA9), chloral hydrate (CH), four haloacetonitriles (HAN4), 1,1-dichloropropanone, 1,1,1-trichloropropanone and trichloronitromethane were 33.8, 109.1, 30.1, 3.2, 0.3, 0.6 µg?L and below detection limit, respectively. The TTHM and HAA9 levels were in the same magnitude of that in many regions of the world. The levels of CH and nitrogenous DBPs were greatly higher than and were comparable to that in typical drinking water, respectively. Disinfection by chlorine dioxide or trichloroisocyanuric acid could substantially lower the DBP levels. The outdoor pools had higher TTHM and HAA9 levels, but lower trihaloacetic acids (THAA) levels than the indoor pools. The TTHM and HAA9 concentrations could be moderately correlated with the free chlorine and total chlorine residuals but not with the total organic carbon (TOC) contents. When the DBP concentration levels from other survey studies were also included for statistical analysis, a good correlation could be established between the TTHM levels and the TOC concentration. The influence of chlorine residual on DBP levels could also be significant.

Keywords： disinfection by-products (DBPs)     swimming pool     correlation     total organic carbon (TOC)     chlorine residual     batherload    

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Estimation of composite load model with aggregate induction motor dynamic load for an isolated hybrid

Nitin Kumar SAXENA,Ashwani Kumar SHARMA

Frontiers in Energy 2015, Volume 9, Issue 4,   Pages 472-485 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0373-7

Abstract: The composite load is a combination of the static and dynamic load model.To develop this composite load model, the exponential load is used as a static load model and inductionmotors (IMs) are used as a dynamic load model.This aggregate model is used as a dynamic load model.exponential model of static load and for the fifth and third order IM dynamic load model using state

Keywords： isolated hybrid power system (IHPS)     composite load model     static load     dynamic load     induction motor loadmodel     aggregate load    

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Calculation method of load distribution on pipe threaded connections under tension load

Shoujun CHEN, Lianxin GAO, Qi AN

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2011, Volume 6, Issue 2,   Pages 241-248 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0219-x

Abstract:

This paper presents a new calculation method that can calculate the load distribution on pipe threadedconnections under tension load.the new method on the sample of P-110S pipe threaded connection, the obtained results show that the loadThe model offers a new way to calculate the loads carried on the thread teeth under tension load.

Keywords： load distribution     calculation method     pipe threaded connections     tension load    

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Comparison of optimal capacitor placement methods in radial distribution system with load growth andZIP load model

Veera Venkata Satya Naryana MURTY, Ashwani KUMAR

Frontiers in Energy 2013, Volume 7, Issue 2,   Pages 197-213 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0249-7

Abstract: Furthermore, the load growth factor has been considered in the study which is essential for the planningand expansion of the existing systems, whereas the impact of the realistic load model as ZIP load model

Keywords： load growth     load models     reactive power compensation     radial distribution system     power loss index (PLI)    

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A practical multi-lane factor model of bridges based on multi-truck presence considering lane load disparities

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 4,   Pages 877-894 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0756-2

Abstract: bridge design specifications consider multi-lane factors (MLFs) a critical component of the traffic loadapproach, the experimental site study yielded MLFs comparable with those directly calculated using traffic loadcaused the proposed approach, existing design specifications, and conventional approach of ignoring lane load

Keywords： bridges     multi-lane factor     traffic load     lane load disparity     multi-truck presence     weigh-in-motion    

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Shape design of arch dams under load uncertainties with robust optimization

Fengjie TAN, Tom LAHMER

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2019, Volume 13, Issue 4,   Pages 852-862 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0522-x

Abstract: The optimization of an arch-type dam is realized here by a robust optimization method under load uncertaintyThe load uncertainty is modeled as an ellipsoidal expression.

Keywords： arch dam     shape optimization     robust optimization     load uncertainty     approximation model    

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Prediction of bed load sediments using different artificial neural network models

Reza ASHEGHI, Seyed Abbas HOSSEINI

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2020, Volume 14, Issue 2,   Pages 374-386 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0600-0

Abstract: based function (RBF), and generalized feed forward neural network using five dominant parameters of bed load

Keywords： bed load prediction     artificial neural network     modeling     empirical equations    

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A method to predict cooling load of large commercial buildings based on weather forecast and internal

Junbao JIA,Jincheng XING,Jihong LING,Ren PENG

Frontiers in Energy 2016, Volume 10, Issue 4,   Pages 459-465 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0424-8

Abstract: characteristics of the higher density and randomness, this paper presented an air-conditioning cooling loadlinear feedback regression model was applied to predict, with precision, the air conditioning cooling loadCase analysis showed that the largest mean relative error of hourly and the daily predicting cooling load

Keywords： commercial building     load prediction     multiple linear regression    

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Influence of axial load on the lateral pile groups response in cohesionless and cohesive soil

Jasim M. ABBASA,Zamri CHIK,Mohd Raihan TAHA

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2015, Volume 9, Issue 2,   Pages 176-193 doi: 10.1007/s11709-015-0289-7

Abstract: curves for lateral single pile response were improved with respect to the influence of increasing axial loadbe used in the evaluation of the lateral pile group action taking into account the effect of axial loadlateral resistance for the pile in the group relative to that for the single pile in case of pure lateral loadWhile, in case of simultaneous combined loads, large axial load intensities (i.e., more than 6 , whereis lateral load values) will have an increase in -multiplier by approximately 100% and will consequently

Keywords： piles     pile group     spacing     configuration     combined load    

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Analysis of load and adaptability of disc cutters during shield tunneling in soft–hard varied strata

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 4,   Pages 533-545 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0946-1

Abstract: to numerically simulate the failure process of materials on the excavation face and to calculate the loadThe results of numerical calculation can reflect the load level and the behavior of the disc cutters

Keywords： shield tunneling     disc cutter load     laboratory excavation test     numerical calculation     soft–hard varied    

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State identification of home appliance with transient features in residential buildings

Frontiers in Energy 2022, Volume 16, Issue 1,   Pages 130-143 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0822-z

Abstract: Nonintrusive load monitoring (NILM) is crucial for extracting patterns of electricity consumption ofThe use of transient features can achieve fast state inference and it is suitable for online load disaggregation

Keywords： nonintrusive load monitoring (NILM)     load disaggregation     online load disaggregation     Kalman filtering    

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Interaction behavior and load sharing pattern of piled raft using nonlinear regression and LM algorithm-based

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 5,   Pages 1181-1198 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0744-6

Abstract: In previous studies, there is a lack of illustration regarding the load sharing and interaction behaviorelement (FE) models are prepared with various design variables in a double-layer soil system, and the loadANN models are prepared with Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) algorithm for load sharing and interaction factors

Keywords： interaction     load sharing ratio     piled raft     nonlinear regression     artificial neural network    

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Load shedding scheme for an interconnected hydro-thermal hybrid system with SMES

D. TYAGI, Ashwani KUMAR, Saurabh CHANANA

Frontiers in Energy 2012, Volume 6, Issue 3,   Pages 227-236 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0198-6

Abstract: The frequency of the power system varies based on the load pattern of the consumers.With continuous increase in the load, the frequency of the system keeps decreasing and may reach itsFurther increase in the load will result in more frequency drop leading to the need of load shedding,load in both areas.The impact of superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) was obtained on load shedding scheme.

Keywords： critical load     frequency response     load shedding     multi-area system     rate of change of frequency     superconducting    

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Optimal dispatch of multi energy system using power-to-gas technology considering flexible load on user

Zi LING, Xiu YANG, Zilin LI

Frontiers in Energy 2018, Volume 12, Issue 4,   Pages 569-581 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0595-6

Abstract: Meanwhile, the participation of flexible load on user side in system optimization has attracted muchThe characteristic of flexible load on user side was considered and optimal dispatch analysis was made, so as to reduce the cost, to reasonably dispatch the flexible load, to reduce the discharge, to enhancethe optimal dispatch result of the multi-energy system using the P2G technology considering flexible loadindicate that cooperative dispatch of multi-energy system using the P2G technology considering flexible load

Keywords： multi-energy system     energy hub     series characteristic     optimal dispatch     flexible load    

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Analysis on running safety of train on the bridge considering sudden change of wind load caused by wind

Tian ZHANG, He XIA, Weiwei GUO

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2018, Volume 12, Issue 4,   Pages 558-567 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0455-1

Abstract: The calculation formulae for change of wind load acting on the car-body are derived when a train moveswind-vehicle-bridge system with wind barrier is established, and the influence of sudden change of wind loadIt is shown that the sudden change of wind load caused by wind barrier has significant influence on the

Keywords： wind barrier     sudden change of wind load     dynamic response     running safety     comfort    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Concentration levels of disinfection by-products in 14 swimming pools of China

Xiaolu ZHANG,Hongwei YANG,Xiaofeng WANG,Yu ZHAO,Xiaomao WANG,Yuefeng XIE

Journal Article

Estimation of composite load model with aggregate induction motor dynamic load for an isolated hybrid

Nitin Kumar SAXENA,Ashwani Kumar SHARMA

Journal Article

Calculation method of load distribution on pipe threaded connections under tension load

Shoujun CHEN, Lianxin GAO, Qi AN

Journal Article

Comparison of optimal capacitor placement methods in radial distribution system with load growth andZIP load model

Veera Venkata Satya Naryana MURTY, Ashwani KUMAR

Journal Article

A practical multi-lane factor model of bridges based on multi-truck presence considering lane load disparities

Journal Article

Shape design of arch dams under load uncertainties with robust optimization

Fengjie TAN, Tom LAHMER

Journal Article

Prediction of bed load sediments using different artificial neural network models

Reza ASHEGHI, Seyed Abbas HOSSEINI

Journal Article

A method to predict cooling load of large commercial buildings based on weather forecast and internal

Junbao JIA,Jincheng XING,Jihong LING,Ren PENG

Journal Article

Influence of axial load on the lateral pile groups response in cohesionless and cohesive soil

Jasim M. ABBASA,Zamri CHIK,Mohd Raihan TAHA

Journal Article

Analysis of load and adaptability of disc cutters during shield tunneling in soft–hard varied strata

Journal Article

State identification of home appliance with transient features in residential buildings

Journal Article

Interaction behavior and load sharing pattern of piled raft using nonlinear regression and LM algorithm-based

Journal Article

Load shedding scheme for an interconnected hydro-thermal hybrid system with SMES

D. TYAGI, Ashwani KUMAR, Saurabh CHANANA

Journal Article

Optimal dispatch of multi energy system using power-to-gas technology considering flexible load on user

Zi LING, Xiu YANG, Zilin LI

Journal Article

Analysis on running safety of train on the bridge considering sudden change of wind load caused by wind

Tian ZHANG, He XIA, Weiwei GUO

Journal Article